Lettera aperta al governo di Israele da parte di 240 giuristi internazionali che condannano l’annessione

Giu 16, 2020 | Notizie, Riflessioni

                                                                                                                     10 giugno 2020

On. Benjamin Netanyahu, Primo Ministro

On. Benny Gantz, Primo Ministro a rotazione e Ministro della Difesa

On. Gabi Ashkenazi, Ministro dei Rapporti con l’Estero

On. Avi Nissenkorn, Ministro della Giustizia

Dr. Avichai Mandelblit, Procuratore Generale

Stato di Israele

Egregi Signori,

Noi sottoscritti, studiosi di diritto internazionale pubblico, scriviamo per esprimere la nostra grave preoccupazione per l’intenzione dello Stato di Israele, espressa dal Primo Ministro Benjamin Netanyahu, di procedere all’annessione unilaterale di aree della Cisgiordania a partire dal 1° luglio 2020.

Tale azione costituirebbe una flagrante violazione delle regole fondamentali del diritto internazionale e costituirebbe anche una grave minaccia alla stabilità internazionale in una regione già instabile.

La norma che vieta l’annessione unilaterale di territori acquisiti con la forza è diventata universalmente riconosciuta come una regola fondamentale del diritto internazionale. Tutti i tribunali internazionali (compresa la Corte Internazionale di Giustizia) e tutte le istituzioni internazionali (compresa l’Assemblea Generale delle Nazioni Unite e il Consiglio di Sicurezza) che hanno esaminato la questione, così come la stragrande maggioranza dei giuristi internazionali, affermano questa regola in modo inequivocabile. Questo divieto si applica anche ai territori appartenenti ad altri stati, nonché ai territori non autonomi in cui le persone hanno il diritto di determinare il proprio destino politico in conformità con il diritto all’autodeterminazione. Inoltre, questo divieto si applica a tutti i territori occupati con la forza, anche se si afferma che la forza è stata inizialmente utilizzata come atto di autodifesa.

La Cisgiordania è stata presa con la forza nel 1967. È stata costantemente riconosciuta dall’Assemblea Generale delle Nazioni Unite, dal Consiglio di Sicurezza delle Nazioni Unite e dalla Corte Internazionale di Giustizia come un territorio occupato, in cui il popolo palestinese ha il diritto di realizzare il proprio diritto all’autodeterminazione. Ciò rimane vero anche se negoziati bilaterali potrebbero determinare alcuni dettagli degli accordi di sicurezza e delle frontiere finali. Inoltre, il governo israeliano e la Corte Suprema Israeliana hanno applicato per decenni in Cisgiordania la legge dell’occupazione belligerante. Ciò è dimostrato in dozzine di decisioni della Corte Suprema di Israele, così come nelle posizioni di Israele davanti a organismi sui trattati internazionali, in cui ha sostenuto che la Cisgiordania non è sotto la giurisdizione israeliana ai fini dell’applicazione dei trattati sui diritti umani.

Ne consegue che l’annessione unilaterale di qualsiasi parte di questo territorio violerebbe la norma fondamentale che vieta l’annessione e violerebbe anche il diritto all’autodeterminazione. In quanto tale, l’annessione sarebbe nulla e inefficace, comporterebbe conseguenze di illegalità internazionale e, in determinate circostanze, porterebbe a responsabilità penali individuali sul piano internazionale. In questo contesto, non importa se tali azioni fossero realizzate attraverso “l’estensione della sovranità”, “l’estensione della legge, della giurisdizione e dell’amministrazione” o mediante l’annessione esplicita. L’annessione de facto comporta le stesse conseguenze giuridiche dell’annessione de jure. Inoltre, in nessun caso un tale atto può legittimamente determinare o giustificare risultati discriminatori, relativamente alla cittadinanza o ai diritti di proprietà.

Vorremmo ricordare che in una recente nota del procuratore generale di Israele, è stato affermato esplicitamente che tutti gli aspetti territoriali del conflitto israelo-palestinese devono essere risolti attraverso negoziati bilaterali [1]. Atti di annessione di parti del territorio sarebbero contrari a questo impegno. Inoltre, conformemente alla sua tradizionale posizione, secondo cui la Cisgiordania è tenuta sotto un’occupazione belligerante, Israele ha costantemente sostenuto che le sue azioni sul territorio sono giustificate dalla natura temporanea della situazione e sono motivate solo da preoccupazioni in materia di sicurezza [2]. Qualsiasi atto di annessione di territorio metterebbe in discussione le posizioni passate e future di Israele secondo cui le sue azioni riguarderebbero effettivamente solo le legittime esigenze di sicurezza.

Vi invitiamo pertanto a riconsiderare questo percorso, che è chiaramente illegale e molto probabilmente avrà conseguenze negative, tra cui il non riconoscimento internazionale e tutte le altre conseguenze di un atto illecito. Ciò si aggiunge al danno che verrebbe inferto alla legittimità e alle relazioni estere dello Stato di Israele e all’elevata probabilità di una escalation di violenza.

[1] Stato di Israele, Procura Generale, Mancanza di giurisdizione della Corte Penale Internazionale sulla cosiddetta “Situazione in Palestina” §49 (20 dicembre 2019).

[2] Ad esempio, per quanto riguarda la legalità del muro della Cisgiordania / barriera di sicurezza, Israele ha affermato –indirettamente davanti alla Corte Internazionale di Giustizia e direttamente nella sua stessa Corte Suprema– che il percorso del muro è strettamente basato su considerazioni di sicurezza, e non è progettato per determinare confini. In effetti, come stabilito dalla Corte Suprema israeliana, in veste di Alta Corte di Giustizia, “il comandante militare non è autorizzato a ordinare la costruzione di una barriera di separazione, se la motivazione della barriera è l’obiettivo politico di “annettere” territori allo Stato di Israele e di determinare il confine politico di Israele “. Vedi HCJ 7957/04 Mara’abe v. il Primo Ministro di Israele §15 (2005).

Firme pervenute (2° aggiornamento). Le affiliazioni sono riportate al fine di favorire l’identificazione.

Mads Andenas, Professor, Professor of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Oslo

Kyo Arai, Professor of International Law, Doshisha University, Kyoto

Yutaka Arai, Professor in International Human Rights Law, Brussels School of International Studies, University of Kent, Brussels

Cecilia M. Bailliet, Professor of International Law, University of Oslo, Norway

Orna Ben-Naftali, Emile Zola Chair for Human Rights, Shtricks Scool of Law, The College of Management

Daniel Benoliel, Associate Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Haifa

Eyal Benvenisti, Whewell Professor of International Law, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge

Nathaniel A. Berman, Rahel Varnhagen Professor, Brown University

Nehal Bhuta, Professor of Public International Law, University of Edinburgh

Eirik Bjorge, Professor of Law, University of Bristol Law School

Ziv Bohrer, Senior Lecturer, Bar-Ilan University Faculty of Law

Bill Bowring, Professor of Law, School of Law, Birkbeck University of London

Tomer Broude, Bessie & Michael Greenblatt, Q.C., Chair in Public and International Law, Faculty of Law, Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Jutta Brunnée, University Professor, Metcalf Chair in Environmental Law, University of Toronto Faculty of Law

Gráinne de Búrca, Florence Ellinwood Allen Professor of Law, NYU School of Law

Sarah H. Cleveland, Louis Henkin Professor of Human and Constitutional Rights, Columbia Law School

Geoff S. Corn, Vinson & Elkins Professor of Law, South Texas College of Law Houston

Harlan G. Cohen, Gabriel M. Wilner/UGA Foundation Professor in International Law, University of Georgia

Olivier Corten, Professor of International Law, Université libre de Bruxelles

Matthew Craven, Professor of International Law, SOAS, University of London

Omar M. Dajani, Professor of Law, McGeorge School of Law, University of the Pacific

Tom Dannenbaum, Assistant Professor of International Law, The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University

Natalie Davidson, Lecturer, Buchmann Faculty of Law, Tel Aviv University

Janina Dill, Associate Professor, University of Oxford Department of Politics and International Relations

Catriona Drew, Lecturer in International Law, School of Law, SOAS University of London

Dieter Fleck, Honorary President, International Society for Military Law and the Law of War

Gregory Fox, Professor of Law, Wayne State University Law School

Tarcisio Gazzini, Professor of International Law, University of East Anglia

Robin Geiss, Chair of International Law and Security, University of Glasgow; Swiss Chair of International Humanitarian Law, The Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights

Rotem Giladi, Teaching Fellow in International Law, University of Edinburgh Law School

Christine D. Gray, Emerita Professor of International Law, University of Cambridge Faculty of Law

James A. Green, Professor of Public International Law, University of Reading

Aeyal Gross, Professor of Law, Buchmann Faculty of Law, Tel Aviv University

Francoise Hampson, Emerita Professor of Law, University of Essex

Matthew Happold, Professor of Public International Law, Faculty of Law, Economics and Finance, University of Luxembourg

Guy Harpaz, Associate Professor, Faculty of Law and Department of International Relations, Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Adil Haque, Professor of Law and Judge Jon O. Newman Scholar, Rutgers Law School

Kevin Jon Heller, Associate Professor of International Law, University of Amsterdam, Professor of Law, Australian National University

Christian Henderson, Professor of International Law, University of Sussex

Larissa van den Herik, Professor of Public International Law, Grotius Centre for International Legal Studies, Leiden University

Moshe Hirsch, Maria Von Hofmannsthal Chair in International Law, Faculty of Law, Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Tamar Hostovsky Brandes, Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Law, Ono Academic College

Robert Howse, Lloyd C. Nelson Professor of International Law, NYU School of Law

Ardi Imseis, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, Queen’s University

Ioannis Kalpouzos, Lecturer on Law, Harvard Law School; Lecturer in Law, City University of London

Alexandre (Sandy) Kedar, Associate Professor of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Haifa.

Jan Klabbers, Professor, University of Helsinki Faculty of Law

Jann K. Kleffner, Professor of International Law, Swedish Defence University

Robert Kolb, Professor of Public International Law, Law Faculty, University of Geneva

Martti Koskenniemi, Professor of International Law, University of Helsinki Faculty of Law

Shiri Krebs, Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Law, Deakin University

David Kretzmer, Professor Emeritus of International Law, Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Nico Krisch, Professor of International Law, Graduate Institute for International and Development Studies, Geneva

Nicolas Levrat, Professor of European and International Law, Global studies Institute, University of Geneva

Eliav Lieblich, Senior Lecturer, Buchmann Faculty of Law, Tel Aviv University

Karin Loevy, JSD Program Manager and IILJ Research Scholar, NYU Law School of Law

Marco Longobardo, Lecturer in International Law, University of Westminster

David Luban, University Professor and Professor of Law and Philosophy, Georgetown University Law Center

Noam Lubell, Professor of International Law, School of Law, University of Essex

Doreen Lustig, Senior Lecturer, Buchmann Faculty of Law, Tel Aviv University

Itamar Mann, Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Law, Haifa University

Susan Marks, Professor of International Law, London School of Economics

Tamar Megiddo, Minerva Center for the Rule of Law under Extreme Conditions, Faculty of Law, University of Haifa

Marko Milanovic, Professor of Public International Law, University of Nottingham School of Law

Makane Moïse Mbengue, Professor of International Law, Faculty of Law, University of Geneva

Kirsten McConnachie, Associate Professor in Law, University of East Anglia

Samuel Moyn, Henry R. Luce Professor of Jurisprudence and Professor of History, Yale University

Stefan Oeter, Professor of Public International Law, Faculty of Law, University of Hamburg

Phoebe Okowa, Professor of Public International Law, Queen Mary, University of London

Anne Orford, Redmond Barry Distinguished Professor, Michael D Kirby Chair of International Law, Melbourne Law School, The University of Melbourne

Dianne Otto, Francine V. McNiff Chair in Human Rights Law, Melbourne Law School, The University of Melbourne

Paolo Palchetti, Professor of International Law, University Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne

Anne Peters, Managing Director, Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law, Heidelberg

Frances Raday, Elias Lieberman Chair in Labour Law, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Law, Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Director of Concord Research Institute for Integration of International Law in Israel, Shtricks School of Law, The College of Management

Surabhi Ranganathan, University Senior Lecturer, University of Cambridge Faculty of Law

Steven R. Ratner, Bruno Simma Collegiate Professor of Law, University of Michigan Law School

Yaël Ronen, Professor of Law at the Academic Center for Science and Law at Hod Hasharon; Minerva Center for Human Rights, Hebrew University in Jerusalem

Brad R. Roth, Professor of Political Science and Law, Wayne State University

Tom Ruys, Professor of International Law, Ghent University

Michal Saliternik, Lecturer, Netanya Academic College School of Law

Marco Sassòli, Professor of International Law, University of Geneva

Ben Saul, Challis Chair of International Law, University of Sydney

Michael N. Schmitt, Professor of International Law, University of Reading

Andrew I. Schoenholtz, Professor from Practice and Director, Human Rights Institute and Center for Applied Legal Studies, Georgetown University Law Center

Yuval Shany, Hersch Lauterpacht Chair in Public International Law, Faculty of Law, Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Scott J. Shapiro, Southmayd Professor of Law and Professor of Philosophy, Yale University

Sivan Shlomo-Agon, Lecturer, Bar-Ilan University Faculty of Law

Stefan Talmon, Professor of Public Law, Public International Law and European Union Law, University of Bonn

Christian J. Tams, Professor of International Law, University of Glasgow

Attila M. Tanzi, Chair of International Law, School of Law, University of Bologna

Ruti Teitel, Ernst C.Stiefel Professor of Comparative Law, New York Law School

Dire Tladi, Professor of International Law, University of Pretoria

Antonios Tzanakopoulos, Associate Professor of Public International Law, University of Oxford Faculty of Law

Maria Varaki, Lecturer in International Law, War Studies Department, King’s College London

Carlos M. Vázquez, Scott K. Ginsburg Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center

Yael Vias Gvirsman, Lecturer in International Law; Director, International Criminal and Humanitarian Law Clinic, Harry Radzyner Law School, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya

Michael Waibel, Professor, Department of European, International and Comparative Law, University of Vienna

Ralph Wilde, Associate Professor, Faculty of Laws, University College London

Siobhán Wills, Professor of Law, Transitional Justice Institute, Ulster University

Ariel Zemach, Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Law, Ono Academic College

Andreas Zimmermann, Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Potsdam

Gentian Zyberi, Professor of International Law and Human Rights, Faculty of Law, University of Oslo

Haim Abraham, Lecturer, School of Law, University of Essex

Tajudeen Sanni, Senior Lecturer, School of Law, Kampala International University

Kirsten Ainley, Associate Professor of International Relations, Australian National University

Susan M. Akram. Clinical Professor and Director, International Human Rights Clinic

Boston University School of Law

Karen J. Alter, Board of Lady Managers Chair, Professor of Political Science and Law, Northwestern University

Pierre d’Argent, Professor of International Law, University of Louvain

Louise Arimatsu, Distinguished Policy Fellow, Centre for Women, Peace and Security, LSE

Marie Aronsson-Storrier, Lecturer in Global Law and Disasters, University of Reading

Valentina Azarova, Manchester International Law Centre, University of Manchester

Saeed Bagheri. Postdoctoral Fellow in International Law, University of Reading

Seun Solomon Bakare, Doctoral Researcher at Grotius Centre for International Legal Studies, Leiden University, the Netherlands

Nigel Bankes, Professor and Chair of Natural Resources Law, Faculty of Law, University of Calgary

Marjolein van den Brink, Lecturer in Law, Utrecht University School of Law

Catherine Brölmann, Associate Professor of Public International Law, University of Amsterdam

Toby Cadman, Guernica 37

Başak Çalı, Professor of International Law, Hertie School, Berlin

Andrea Caligiuri, Associate Professor of International Law, Department of Law, University of Macerata

Mustafa Can Sati, PhD Candidate in International Law, Maastricht University

Nicolás Carrillo-Santarelli, Associate Professor of International Law at La Sabana University

Anthony E. Cassimatis, Professor of Law, University of Queensland

Bnarji Chakkam Professor of International Law and Dean, VIT-AP School of Law, VIT-AP University, India

Alejandro Chehtman, Professor of Law, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella

Aristoteles Constantinides, Associate Professor of International Law and Human Rights, University of Cyprus

Antonio Coco, Lecturer in Law, Essex Law School, University of Essex

Pablo Moscoso de la Cuba, Lecturer, Faculty of Law, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru

Eric David, Professeur émérite de droit international public de l’Université libre de Bruxelles

James Devaney, Lecturer in Law, University of Glasgow

Dr Talita Dias, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Blavatnik School of Government, Junior Research Fellow & Lecturer, St Catherine’s College, University of Oxford

Giovanni Distefano, Professor of Public International Law at the Faculty of Law of Neuchâtel; the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights

Elvira Domínguez-Redondo, Associate Professor of International Law, Middlesex University

François Dubuisson, Professor of International Law, Université libre de Bruxelles

John Dugard, Emeritus Professor of Public International Law, Leiden University

Paul Eden, Senior Lecturer, Sussex Law School, University of Sussex

Daniel Erasmus Khan, Professor of Public International Law, University of the Bundeswehr Munich

Katharine Fortin, Assistant Professor, Utrecht University

Micaela Frulli, Professor of Public International Law, University of Florence

Paola Gaeta, Professor of International Law, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies

Alexandre Skander Galand, Post-Doctoral Researcher, Centre for Fundamental Rights, Hertie School

Pietro Gargiulo, Full Professor of International Law, Faculty of Political Science, University of Teramo

Lorenzo Gasbarri, Research Fellow in International Law, Bocconi University

Alexander Gilder, Lecturer in Law, Royal Holloway, University of London

Emanuela-Chiara Gillard, Senior Research Fellow, Oxford Institute for Ethics, Law and Armed Conflict

Robert Heinsch, Associate Professor of Public International Law, Grotius Centre for International Legal Studies, Leiden University

Gleider Hernández, Professor of Public International Law, Faculty of Law, University of Leuven and Open Universiteit

An Hertogen, Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Law, The University of Auckland

Noelle Higgins, Associate Professor in Law, Maynooth University, Ireland

Patrizia Hobbs, Senior Lecturer, Brunel University London

Tamás Hoffmann, Associate Professor, Corvinus University of Budapest

Miloš Hrnjaz, Assistant Professor of International Law, Faculty of Political Science, University of Belgrade

Stephen Humphreys, Associate Professor of International Law, LSE

Alonso E. Illueca, Associate Professor of International Law and Human Rights, Universidad Santa María La Antigua, Panama

Jens Iverson, Assistant Professor of International Law, Grotius Centre for International Legal Studies, Leiden University

Ezequiel Jiménez, PhD Candidate, School of Law, Middlesex University

Derek Jinks, A.W. Walker Centennial Chair in Law, University of Texas

Fleur Johns, Professor of Law, UNSW Law, UNSW Sydney

Sarah Joseph, Griffith University, Brisbane

Mary Anne Kenny, Associate Professor in Law, Murdoch University

Hala Khoury-Bisharat, Lecturer in law, Ono Academic College School of Law

Pierre Klein, Professor of International Law, Université libre de Bruxelles

Vaios  Koutroulis, Professor of International Law.  Université libre de Bruxelles

Tally Kritzman-Amir, Visiting Associate Professor, Harvard University, Senior Lecturer

The College of Law and Business

Anne Lagerwall, Professor of International Law, Université libre de Bruxelles

Liora Lazarus, Associate Professor in Law, University of Oxford

Henning Lahmann, Senior Researcher, Digital Society Institute, ESMT Berlin

Michelle Lesh, Visiting Fellow, Melbourne Law School

Rain Liivoja, Associate Professor, University of Queensland Law School

Henry Lovat, Research Fellow, University of Glasgow School of Law

Asaf Lubin, Associate Professor of Law, Indiana University Maurer School of Law (beginning Fall 2020)

Said Mahmoudi, Professor Emeritus of International, Faculty of Law, Stockholm University

Vijayan Malayath Assistant Professor (International law), MCT College of legal studies, Malappuram, Kerala, India

Laishram Malem Mangal, PhD Scholar, Department of Law, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India

Wade Mansell, Emeritus Professor of International Law, Kent Law School, University of Kent

Craig Martin, Professor of Law, Washburn University School of Law

Brianne McGonigle Leyh, Associate Professor of Law, Utrecht University

Owen McIntyre, Professor, School of Law, University College Cork, National University of Ireland

Chantal Meloni, Professor of International Criminal Law and Criminology, University of Milan

John R. Morss, Senior Lecturer, Deakin Law School, Deakin University

Solange Mouthaan, Associate Professor, School of Law, University of Warwick

Shannonbrooke Murphy, Endowed Chair in Human Rights, Assistant Professor, Human Rights Department, St Thomas University

Daragh Murray, Senior Lecturer, University of Essex School of Law & Human Rights Centre

Maria Sole Continiello Neri, Post – Doctoral Research Fellow, Lecturer in International Human Rights Law and International Public Law, National Research University Higher School of Economics

Giuseppe Nesi, Professor of International Law, Law School and School of International Studies, University of Trento

Vasuki Nesiah, Professor of Practice, NYU School of Law

Janne Nijman, Professor, University of Amsterdam and the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, director of the T.M.C. Asser Institute, The Hague

Melanie O’Brien, Senior Lecturer in International Law, University of Western Australia

Stian Øby Johansen, Associate Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Oslo

Raphael Oidtmann, Lecturer in International Law, University of Mannheim

Chris O’Meara, Fellow in Law, The London School of Economics and Political Science

Tamsin Phillipa Paige, Lecturer (International Law), Deakin Law School, Deakin University

Mehrdad Payandeh, Professor of International Law, European Law and Public Law, Bucerius Law School Hamburg

Bryan Peeler, Instructor, Department of Political Science, University of Manitoba

Marie Petersmann, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Utrecht University

Giulia Pinzauti, Assistant Professor of Public International law, Leiden University

Joseph Powderly, Associate Professor of Public International Law, Leiden University

Anni Pues, Lecturer in International Law, Glasgow Centre for International Law and Security, University of Glasgow

Gabor Rona, Professor of Practice, Cardozo Law School

Marco Roscini, Professor of International Law, Westminster Law School

Robert Roth, Hon. Professor at the Geneva Faculty of Law, former Director of the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights

Deborah Russo, Researcher of International Law, University of Florence

Luigi Sammartino, Fellow in International Law, University of Bologna

Barrie Sander, Fellow, Fundação Getúlio Vargas (FGV)

Tajudeen Sanni, Senior Lecturer, School of Law, Kampala International University

William Schabas, Professor of international law, Leiden University & Middlesex University

Iain Scobbie, Professor of Public International Law and Director of the Manchester International Law Centre, University of Manchester

David Scott, Doctoral candidate, University of Manchester

Thomas Skouteris, Associate Professor of Law, The American University in Cairo

Tom Sparks, Senior Research Fellow, Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law

Elizabeth Stubbins Bates, Junior Research Fellow in Law, Merton College, University of Oxford

Yusra Suedi, PhD Candidate in Public International Law at the University of Geneva

Mark B. Taylor, Researcher, Fafo Institute for Labour and Social Research, Oslo

Jeremy Telman, Professor of Law, Valparaiso University Law School

Molly Townes O’Brien, Associate Professor, ANU College of Law, The Australian National University

Sergey Vasiliev, Associate Professor of (International) Criminal Law, Faculty of Law, University of Amsterdam

Pål Wrange, Professor of International Law, Stockholm University

Matthew Zagor, Associate Professor, ANU College of Law, Australian National University

Deniz Baran, PhD student, Istanbul University International Law Department

Carlos J. Bichet Nicoletti, JSD Candidate in International Human Rights Law at Notre Dame Law School, University of Notre Dame

Pola Cebulak, Assistant Professor in European Law, European Studies, University of Amsterdam

Anupam Chander, Professor of Law, Georgetown University

Avinoam Cohen, Lecturer, Shtricks School of Law, The College of Management

Shane Darcy, Professor, Irish Centre for Human Rights, National University of Ireland Galway

Eitan Diamond, PhD candidate, Buchmann Faculty of Law, Tel Aviv University

Kirsten Fisher, Assistant Professor, Department of Political Studies, University of Saskatchewan

Shannon Fyfe, Assistant Professor of Philosophy, George Mason University

Kushtrim Istrefi, Assistant Professor of Human Rights Law and Public International Law, Utrecht University

Emilie McDonnell, DPhil in Law Candidate, University of Oxford

Jose Félix Pinto-Bazurco, Associate Member, Sociedad Peruana de Derecho Internacional

Lea Raible, Lecturer in Public Law, University of Glasgow

Antonio Remiro Brotons, Emeritus Professor of International Law, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)

Niccolò Ridi, Lecturer, University of Liverpool

Raymond O. Savadogo, PhD Candidate in International & Comparative Criminal Law, Leiden University

Sergey Sayapin, Associate Professor of International and Criminal Law, School of Law, KIMEP University, Almaty

Emre Turkut, PhD Researcher, Ghent University

Tara Van Ho, Lecturer, School of Law and Human Rights Centre, University of Essex

Reuven (Ruvi) Ziegler, Associate Professor in International Refugee Law, School of Law, University of Reading

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